Astringent
Why:
Astringents are designed to kill bacteria and remove excess oil
What:
Astringents are sometimes confused with toners. Astringents kill bacteria; toners are used to close pores thus protecting the face. Astringents should only be used for very oily skin. In order to act against bacteria astringents contain an antiseptic predominantly in the form of alcohol and will therefore be too irritating for dry or sensitive skins.
When:
Before applying toner morning and/or night for oily or combination skin. It is advised not to use an astringent after shaving as this may be too much of an irritant on freshly shaven skin.
How:
Depending on the product (some come with applicator pads), use with cotton wool pads and apply only to oily regions of the face.